Sons and Lovers : Meeting the Morels

This book is written by D.H Lawrence and deals with the insight into the Oedipus complex. The story opens speaking about “The Bottoms” a place where a family the Morels reside. The first chapter of itself gives a background into the main characters and their attitudes and perspectives of life as they know it. The opening with the description of “The Bottoms” gives an insight into the surroundings of the Morel family. The first character that is met is Mrs. Morel and she is a stunt believer of what was deemed as Christian values. In respect to her husband she sees him as her complete opposite and does not see that she should ignore the unacceptable sin of drunkenness. This is why she makes snide remarks to her husband due to his constant drinking. She furthermore she sees herself as above the other women in the Bottoms due to her rent being higher than theirs. Though pregnant in this chapter she shows the potential cold shoulder when life is not to her liking. Mr. Morel is a miner who sees life in the way of everything being merry. He drinks a lot and tends to be short tempered. The short temper is portrayed when he locks his pregnant wife outside because she threatens to leave him because of his drinking. William is the first born of both Mr. and Mrs. Morel. William is a lovable child who tends to crave his mother’s affections. He tends to think of his mother differently to a child. He sees his mother a “her”. This places his mother on a pedestal above women which does not leave room for Motherly love. Annie is the baby of the Family and much is not said about her besides the fact of her quite nature. This chapter is a simple opening of introducing the Morel family. It  gives the reader a clear understanding into what the story may lead to based on the personalities the characters display.    

Stupidity

Because of the King stupidity he suffers terribly. Do you think he got what he deserves. Justify your answer.

King Leontes works himself into a great hatred with jealousy over false accusations. William Shakespeare’s A Winter’s Tale portrays jealousy within different degrees. Mainly in the character King Leontes who perceives the notion that he being is cuckolded. Due to this he has an unexpected turn of mishaps which bring the king nothing but misery. It can be stated that he deserves such misfortunes after all he does, though others will see him as an innocent victim to the consequences. However this essay will focus on the fact of the King deserved his misfortunes.

In Act 1-3 we see the story unfolding as King Leontes watches his wife and his friend. He then proceeds to accuse the Queen of adultery because he thinks Polixenes and her are too close to be friends. As a result his misery begins. His jealousy carries his wife and son to their graves with grieve. He is very paranoid and in some cases superstitious. He sends for word to the oracles for support in his accusation and upon hearing otherwise he takes the mentality of a true man in Shakespearean time. This type of man sees the woman as wrong and men are always right.

Furthermore his stupidity increases when his daughter is brought to him after he throws his wife in jail. He plans to burn the child to save his conscience as he posit in Act 3 scenec three

“Shall I live on, to see this bastard kneel and call me father?

Better burn it now, than curse it then.”

   With this he is stating it is better to kill his own child than have her call him father and he curses her. However the resemblance according to Paulina is a strong resemblance of King Leontes only the hair is like the Queen’s. he still assumes the mind of unreason and thus forces his child to be banished to left alone in the cold without a family. Remorse only hits him; he notices he has no heir to Sicilia’s throne. Upon this news of death his wife dies due to the overbearance of knowing without her children she is nothing.

The King indeed deserved such suffering to bring forth his commonsense to see the nature of his wife was forever in his favour and love. However he had to learn life was not all about what happened to others but how much you understood your family and not let jealousy cause you pain and damage beyond repair in your life.

Hermione's Symbol: The Phenominal Woman

Create a symbol for Hermione. Why does your symbol represent her? Write a short description of your symbol.

Hermione represents the phenomenal woman. She is bold, she is a ray of hope, Innocent to the evil thrown at her and loves her children and wants only the best. The phenomenal woman stands in the face of wrong and states what is right. In the case of Hermione, she tells her husband of her innocence in his mistaken perception of her committing cuckoldry. She rises to the challenge of what most Shakespearean women refused to do  which was prove themselves above the submissive role they played in society. The phenomenal Woman loves her children; Hermione loves both her children and thus faints and dies upon learning the death of her son and the banishment of her daughter. She however in death reaches out and gives her nameless daughter at the time the name of Perdita to Antigonus in a dream. This shows despite all odds she goes great lengths to give her child an identity. Queen Hermione is indeed the symbol of the Phenomenal Woman.

Mamillus's veiws of women

Question: The beginning of Act2 scene 1 Mamillus exchanges ideas about women with his mother and ladies in waiting. How might his conversation evoke larger social arguments about men and women in Shakespearean culture?

In the Winter’s Tale Act 2 scene1 looks at the character Mamillus portraying his views of women to his mother and her Ladies in waiting. This conversation may evoke social arguments of women being judged differently to the idea members of Shakespearean society would disagree with his sentiments. The Shakespearean society viewed women as the weaker sex and men were always the ones in the right. They saw Beauty as a mask and the nature of women to be unrefined as men.

Mamillus sees that women should be judged based on their beauty and nature. However to Shakespearean societal views women should be judged on their actions and the society’s view of them. In Shakespeare’s era women were expected to be submissive to the men at all times no matter the male’s age. Mamillus judges women based on his mother and Ladies in waiting. He sees them as being different in the society in the fact they are bolder than and not as submissive as the ordinary woman. Due to this fact he bases his judgement on what he sees through his mother and her ladies- in –waiting and what he is taught by his father. Furthermore he puts his power as a boy and decides to judge on beauty and their nature. As it is shown in the scene as he chooses his maid by her beauty and her treatment of him. Society would argue that women are not to be judged by their beauty.

It can be said that beauty is used by women as a mask to cover whatever crimes such as adultery that they commit.  Beauty according to a saying “is in the eyes of the beholder” which is exactly what Shakespearean culture based their lifestyle upon. It was forever strife for women to attain what was termed as beauty for that era. In the aspect off cuckoldry men were always seen as the victim due to the fact of the women being the weaker sex in society’s eyes are seen as the Eves of society. Eve’s down fall in the creation was always seen as woman’s demise. Women being the weaker sex were prone to subdue to desires and trickery to which men fall prey because of what is termed as “Beauty”. Mamillus displays his like for physical beauty when he judges his ladies in waiting upon their eyebrows. Society would state clearly do not judge a book by its cover as women were forever deceivers.

For a woman to treat a boy or man as a baby was an insult, she should not assert herself in any form or even aspire to be better than the man. The nature of a woman was to be gentle and submissive at all times. Mamillus tells a lady in waiting he does not like her because she will kiss him too hard and talk to him as a baby. Thus he judges her on her nature of being overly affectionate as she knows him from a baby. This in most cases is within a woman’s nature to keep close and show affection for a small child. Mamillus to this effect now portrays societal views of what a woman ought to do. He chooses the other maid because she treats him society’s view of the perfect eyebrow for a woman the object of beauty. Society would agree to the point of her beauty however, based on the other lady in waiting treatment of the prince they would say she has no right to treat him as such because she should know her place in society which is below the male.

In conclusion it is seen that upon the views of Prince Mamillus on women it can be said that society would argue against his views strongly. They would state that beauty and Nature are not what defines a woman, it is her actions. Beauty is only a mask to cover the true nature of women which is to be deceivers so to that extent women are judged by what they display in the eyes of the public and also the standards set such as them being submissive to men who are the higher beings over them.

The Winter's Tale Why the purpose?

What is the purpose of the first scene?

William Shakespeare's play the Winters' Tale opens the play with a conversation between a Sicilian Lord by the name of Camillio and a Bohemian Lord by the name of Archidamus. They speak to many aspects of the culture of entertainment and the likes of both countries in a comparison manner. Furthermore they also speak hint of events to come further down in the story.

The purpose of Act1 Scene 1 was to act as a foreshadow of the events that are to take place in the play. It also acts as a background to cover the reader's understanding of the main characters, the Kings of Bohemia and Sicilia and their relationships in pertinence childhood and their present state of being kings. Though the scene may seem in some instances to have no relevance to the rest of the play once one seeks between the lines and understands the different hidden meanings one will notice that the scene acts as a background and a fortuneteller of the events to come.

Literature Assignment Year 2

1. Have you ever been betrayed? Give an example of when you where betrayed, How did you feel? What did you do?

To be betrayed is one of the most hurtful things in this world. To have faith in someone you believed you could trust is something very special. I was betrayed by a former school friend of mine who was working on a school project with me. The betrayal took place in the form of plagiarism. Upon working on a project we agreed upon fair sharing of the work load. It turned out that I was doing majority of the work while this friend limed and wasted time. The week before this project was due this friend decided to take the project and just put the name of the teacher on the front page and takes it to the teacher with a complaint of me not doing 99% of the work. The 1% that I put in was to put the teacher's name on the front page and that was because I was forced and threatened that they would say something. Furthermore they had to do something about it before I took the credit when presenting to the class, and they were of the opinion they would be embarrassed, and their grades would sink lower than what it is already, so they were giving the teacher a heads up so they knew I did no research at all. The teacher knowing I was a hard working student called me to her office to find out about this complaint. When I heard the story my friend told I was horrified and explained the truth of me staying up late at night doing this project to gain the standard of grades I was accustomed to and above which was A’s and B’s. The teacher stated she noted the style of writing and knew the other child was lying to save herself from embarrassment of not doing work. The girl was punished and I received the grade for my work. After all of this the only thing I did to the girl was simply not speak to her again because as a saying goes “You are known by the company you keep.”

2. Have you ever felt you were betrayed and misunderstood the situation?

In entrusting a secret with a friend I misunderstood the situation that followed after. The secret was passed to my friend through a note. I took my eyes off her for one moment then I saw her pass what seemed to be my note to another girl, who in turn looked up at me and smiled as if she just discovered something about me. I felt as if my whole world would fall apart if anyone knew of my most feared secret. After class I approached the girl asking her what was in the note my friend gave to her? In reply to my question with an attitude she said “It is none of your business about what I know about you,” and with that she walked off. I decided to then confront my friend about the note. My friend looked at me hurt and said “I can’t believe you would believe I would do such a thing.” She then proceeded to show me that my note was still in her pocket and the other note she gave out was to say she was throwing a surprise birthday party for me. I felt guilty about not trusting my friend when I found out about her good intentions.

3. Look at the various Shakespeare plays over the years you have studied, why do the characters always result to violence trickery or evilness?

William Shakespeare has written many plays and poems within his lifetime. Of the many plays that have been studied such as Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, The Tempest, Much Ado About Nothing, Taming of the Shrew, Julius Ceasar, Macbeth and Othello; three plays will be used to show why  characters result to trickery, violence and evilness.

Plays such as Romeo and Juliet are one of William Shakespeare’s plays that display trickery. William Shakespeare created this master piece to show that love will be obtained at all cost no matter the consequences. In this play both of the main characters are from feuding families, the Capulet and the Montegue. The main character Juliet is being offered though only thirteen to Count Paris to be married. However when a ball is given for him to meet her she meets Romeo and falls in love with him. With the help of Friar Francis they get married secretly in hope the families would stop feuding. The trickery is displayed when Juliet drinks a potion in order for her to be pronounced dead so that she could be reunited with her love Romeo. This form of trickery did however cost both lovers their life as this plan had a turn for the worst. The message of Juliet’s false death was not delivered in time for Romeo to understand that he was to meet her and then be reunited when she awoke. Due to this Romeo is informed through a servant and brokenheartedly buys a poison and kills himself beside his wife. Juliet in turn wakes to find a dead Romeo and distraught, takes his dagger and kills herself.  In the end both families unite over loss of their children. The trickery of deception by death shows that William Shakespeare was using the true saying as said in marriage vows “till death do us part.”

Trickery violence and evilness are portrayed in the Merchant of Venice. Trickery is displayed in the way Shylock contracts Antonio for a pound of flesh if he does not pay his debt. This at first is taken as a joke but Antonio comes to the realization of the trick when he has to go to court to defend his debt. Trickery is also used positively in this play because Bassanio’s wife Portia dresses as a male lawyer which in that era is a major breaking of the law for a woman. However despites all odds, she is able to defend Antonio from Shylocks evilness to extract violent revenge on Antonio. This type of revenge was stemmed from the evil Antonio did towards Shylock by stereotyping Shylock just because he was a Jew. The combination of the three concepts of violence, trickery and evilness in this play shows that no matter the wrong one has done to you; you cannot take the law in your own hands because the fact is that the law can turn right back on you.

Finally in Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare uses trickery both a positive and negative way. Trickery was used positively to join the characters of Benedick and Beatrice. They are fooled into falling in love with one another. Through the help of all characters in the play each one overhears in conversations about one loving the other. This in the end produces a happy effect. The evilness of Don John is triggered by his jealousy of his brother Don Pedro. Shakespeare in turn uses this to formulate the ultimate evil in which Don John with some help stains the name of the main character Hero’s name by accusing her of committing cuckoldry against Claudio with Barachio.  Violence in this play is displayed as a way to bring honor to a young man’s name especially when he went to battle. In conclusion it is seen that in these plays trickery, evilness and violence plays a role in one way or the other. William Shakespeare uses these themes to convey what is the custom during that era. Furthermore he uses the themes to portray different scenarios that occurred or could possible occur and the major consequences top these different deeds.

4. Look at the background of the text Winter’s Tale. What is going on historically in the era that the book is written in?

The Winter’s Tale is written according to the enotes.com between late 1610 and early 1611.it is also said it was published with the First Folio in 1623. During the 16th century in England was a time of Reformation and the Literary Arts were promoted such as theatre.  This time was historically significant due to the fact it during the reign of King James I. Furthermore during his reign it was called the Jacobean Era, in this era there was a uniting of Scotland and England under his rulage. Due to the fact that during the Elizabethan Era Catholicism was no longer seen as the main religion but The Church Of England, many rebellions broke out during this time. One event in particular occurred on the 5^th November 1605. According to Wikipedia.com “on that date, a group of English Catholics attempted to blow up the King and Parliament in the Palace of Westminster. However, the Gunpowder Plot was exposed and prevented, and the convicted plotters were hanged, drawn, and quartered.” Furthermore during this time in 1613 King James daughter Princess Elizabeth was getting married to Frederick V, Elector Palatine. They later became King and Queen of Bohemia which coincidently is the country used by Shakespeare in The Winter’s Tale. Their reign marked the beginning of the thirty years war.

5. What is the Elizabethan theater? Historical back ground? Picture of the global theater

The Elizabethan theatre sometimes known as The English Renaissance Theatre is one of the theatres built to during the Elizabethan era that was called by many names and had many locations. ‘The Theatre’ was the original name it was opened by an actor called James Burbage it was London’s first theatre during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Prior to this theatre being built theatre companies had no strategic place to perform in, they travelled all over England looking for large audiences to perform to. Furthermore during her reign Queen Elizabeth I, formulated rise in English Drama making very popular.

‘The Theatre’ as it was known as was built just beyond the walls of Shoreditch in 1576. The many actors who graced this stage were frowned upon by the city fathers; however they were popular with the common people. In 1597, the city fathers closed ‘The Theatre’. The son of James Burbage, Richard Burbage who in the late 1598 with his men dismantled the theatre hauled it in pieces across the Thames to Southwark. They took six months to rebuild the theatre and they renamed it ‘The Globe’. Many acting companies performed in this theatre such as Lord Chamberlain’s Men which the famous playwright William Shakespeare acted in and also performed his plays with. The theatre only had male actors. Women in this era were not allowed to act men took the male parts while boys played the role of women.

Many critics try to dispute the true shape and structure of this building. It was however believed to be round and octagonal due to the reference Shakespeare makes to the building in Henry V by calling it “this wooden”. The structure was believed that design also because of the beat-baiting and bull baiting rings built in Southwark. The building was said to in excess of 2500 persons. However actors had to learn to project their voices for their audience to hear. This was because the technology of our time such as sound systems was not around for them to use. All sound effects, lighting effects and the like had to be created by the actors through whatever resources they had to compensate their lack of technology. Sadly in 1613 during a performance of Henry VIII a cannon was fired and set the thatched roof of the theatre on fire and destroying it. All the spectators escaped unharmed but the Globe was destroyed completely.

Images of the global theatre

6. What is the theatre of the absurd? Videos, pictures

A theatre in which naturalist convention of plot and characterization are ignored or distracted in order to convey the irrationality of existence ant the essential isolation and importance of humanity.

7. Synopsis of Williams Shakespeare? Life, work, plays he has written, tragedies, history, comedies and the time period that they were written in.

William Shakespeare was an English play wright and poet who was baptised on the 26th April 1564. His birth date is unknown, but it is assumed that he was born, since he was baptised in April in the year of 1564 and it is observed on April 23rd.He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon which is in Warwickshire, England. William was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. According to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia it is believed  ' Shakespeare probably was educated at the King's New School in Stratford.' There were no records that survived during the Elizabethan Era in which he was born to show the attendance of anyone during that era at the school.  The Elizabethan Era was an era named after Queen Elizabeth I during her riegn and during this time alot of creative ideas for Literature and Science were formulated.' At the age of 18 Shakespeare married 26 year old Anne Hathaway,' (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia). They got married in December 1582, after they got a marriage license on November 27, 1582. Six months after they had their first child a baby girl by the name of Susanna; she was baptised on May 6th 1583, and two years later they had twins Hamnet and Judith who were baptised on February 22, 1585. His son Hamnet died at the age of 11 for an unknown cause and was buried on the 11th of August 1596. It is not quite clear when Shakespeare started to write but he wrote many plays such as Taming of the Shrew, Love's Labour Lost, Richard III and comedy of Errors which were written in 1593 but because during that year a severe outbreak of plague broke out theatres were closed. During the years 1594-1597 alot of his famous plays such as Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Venice, and A Midsummer Night's Dream were written. William Shakespeare was a part of a theatre group formed after the plague ceased and had shares in Lord Chamberlain's company who played in a theatre in Shoreditch which is the Elizabethan theatre. This theatre was erected in 1576 by James Burbage. Moreover, the Elizabethan players were all men and boys, no women were allowed to act. Further, the stage was jutted out towards the audience which gave the audience a better appreciation of the actors' gestures and facial expressions. Over the stage a roof was set up and doors were placed on either side of the set where characters entered and disappeared; a gallery or upper stage was at the back of it and were used for scenes that needed a upper setting. For instance, in Romeo and Juliet where he climbs to Juliet's room. Under this upper stage there was a space called the tiring house which was hidden from the audience but was revealed as an inner stage for scenes like in Macbeth the witches' cave. There was no particular scenery and if a location was to be specified, then Shakespeare used his actors by simply dressing them in clothes suited for the location or used props for example a stool would indicate that it was an indoor scene. The simplicity of the setting caused no distraction to the spectator and thus the spectator concentrated more on the play and thus enabled Shakespeare to have as many scenes as he wished. In 1597 the company left the Elizabethan Theatre and acted at another theatre by the name of The Curtain. In 1598 the company players after a dispute demolished and re-erected a new theatre by the name of Globe. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I on March 24, 1603 and since the company often performed for her, her successor King James took over the company and the name was changed to King's Men. William Shakespeare also wrote many poems such as Venus and Adonis in 1593 and The Rape of Lucrece to name a few. William Shakespeare was seen as the greatest writer of all time because he wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets and two extensive poems along with other poems. He retired in 1613 and died three years after on April 23rd 1616. In his life time his work was seen as one of the finest in English Language.

 Here are the different plays he wrote according to their categories:

Comedies

All's Well That Ends Well (1606-7)

As You Like It (1599)

The Comedy of Errors (1594)

Love's Labour's Lost (1594-5)

Measure for Measure(1600-3)

The Merchant of Venice (1596)

The Merry Wives of Windsor (1597)

A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595)

Much Ado About Nothing (1598)

Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1608-9)

The Taming of the Shrew (1590-4)

The Tempest (1610-11)

Twelfth Night (1601)

The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1590-1)

The Two Noble Kinsmen (1613)

The Winter's Tale (1594-1611)

Tragedies:

Romeo and Juliet (1593-5)

Coriolanus (1608)

Titus Andronicus(1591-2)

Timon of Athens (1605-6)

Julius Caesar (1599)

Macbeth (1603-6)

Hamlet (1599-1601)

Troilus and Cressida (1601)

King Lear (1603-6)

Othello (1602-3)

Antony and Cleopatra (1606)

Cymbeline (1610-11)

Histories

King John (1595-6)

Richard II (1595)

Henry IV, Part 1 (1596)

Henry IV, Part 2 (1596-7)

Henry V (1599)

Henry VI, Part 1 (1591)

Henry VI, Part 2 (1590-1)

Henry VI, Part 3 (1590-1)

Richard III (1592)

Henry VIII (1613)

Poems

Shakespeare's sonnets

Venus and Adonis

The Rape of Lucrece

The Passionate Pilgrim

The Phoenix and the Turtle

A Lover's Complaint

Drama

Elements of Drama

Act – A short performance by one or more entertainers or to represent (fictitious or historical character) with one’s person.

Scene- A division of a play, film novel, etc representing a single episode

Exposition- A  large scale public exhibition or show.

Conflict – To be contradictory, at variance or in opposition.

Complication- A complex combination of elements or thing.

Climax- A decisive moment that is of maximum intensity or a turning point in a plot or  the highest peak/point within the storyline.

Denouement- The final resolution or the unravelling of a plot as of a drama or novel.

Peripetia – A sudden turn of events or an unexpected reversal in literary work.

Characterization- The creation of fictitious characters as in literary work.

Protagonist – The leading character of a drama or literary work

Antagonist- The opponent of the hero or protagonist.

Main Plot – The main idea of the story.

Sub plot – The main idea being portrayed with different themes.

Forms of Drama

Comedy- A play, movie etc of light and humorous character with a cheerful ending.

History- A drama presenting historical events.

Tragedy- A literary composition as a novel dealing with a sombre theme carried to a tragic conclusion.

Romance- A medieval Narrative

Tragic Comedy – A dramatic or other literary composition combing elements of both tragedy and comedy.

Theatre of the Absurd- A theatre in which naturalist convention of plot and characterization are ignored or distracted in order to convey the irrationality of existence and the essential isolation and importance of humanity.

Satire- A literary composition or genre in which human folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision or ridicule.

Modern Drama- A western development of drama at the beginning of the late 19^th century.

Melodrama-A dramatic form that exaggerates emotion and emphasises plot or action at the expense of characterization.

Features of Drama

Monologue – A dramatic or comic piece spoken entirely by a single performer.

Dialogue – The conversation between characters in a novel , drama etc.

Soliloquy- A speech in a drama in which a character, alone or as if alone discloses innermost thoughts.

Aside- Something spoken by an actor to or for the audience and supposedly not heard by others on stage.

Set – To arrange the scenery, properties, lights etc on (stage) for an act or scene.

Stage Direction- The words written to show how things are to be arranged in the play or placement of things in the Act.

Stage Convention- The deal with engineering, products tied to the story and how it affects the audience response.

Chorus-An Actor or group of actors functioning like the ancient Greek chorus as in Elizabethan drama

 Dramatic Unities- The unities of time, place, and actions  that are observed in classical drama.

Literary Devices

Imagery – A word or sequence of words that refers to any sensory experience.

Motif- Some aspect of literature resource which reoccurs frequently.

Symbolism-The representation of a person of things through different ways in the novel or play.

Dramatic Irony- A speech or action in a story which has great significance to the audience than to the character who speaks or performs because the audience pocess knowledge of upcoming events whiles the character does not.

 Tragic Irony- The use of dramatic irony to allow the audience to be aware of the character, speech or actions will bring tragedy while the character is ignorant of the fact

Juxtaposition- the use of two themes, characters, phrases words or situations for comparison or contrast.